Overloading vs. Overriding: Telling Them Apart in Swift
Overloading and overriding. Two concepts with names so similar you might wonder why they had to be.
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Follow the trail from foundational concepts to practical engineering decisions.
[Swift Basics #1] What Optionals Really Are and How to Unwrap Them
The first hurdle when learning Swift is optionals. The question mark in String?, if let, guard let, !, and ??. With so many forms of syntax, memorizing each separately can easily turn the rules into a jumble.
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Escape the 8-Parameter Initialization Hell with the Swift Builder Pattern
When building an app with Swift, your initialization code eventually starts looking like this.
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Swift Abstract Factory Pattern: Swap Related Objects as a Set
Abstract Factory groups mutually compatible objects into product families and replaces them at once. Using a Swift theme example, this article explains how to prevent composition errors and choose between it and Factory Method.
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[AI Context #7] Cut API Costs with Prompt Caching
The final part of the series is about money. If you have run an agent through an API, you may have noticed something odd on the bill. Input tokens cost vastly more than output tokens. Given the architecture from Part 1, that is only natural. Every turn resends everything from the system prompt through the full conversation history, so in a 50-turn agent session, the same system prompt is effectively billed 50 times…
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