struct IntBuffer {
    private final class Storage {
        var values: [Int]
        init(_ values: [Int]) { self.values = values }
    }
    private var storage: Storage
    private(set) var detachments = 0
    init(_ values: [Int]) { storage = Storage(values) }
    var values: [Int] { storage.values }
    func sharesStorage(with other: IntBuffer) -> Bool {
        storage === other.storage
    }
    mutating func append(_ value: Int) {
        if !isKnownUniquelyReferenced(&storage) {
            storage = Storage(storage.values)
            detachments += 1
        }
        storage.values.append(value)
    }
}

let original = IntBuffer([1, 2])
var copy = original
precondition(copy.sharesStorage(with: original))
copy.append(3)
precondition(!copy.sharesStorage(with: original))
precondition(original.values == [1, 2] && copy.values == [1, 2, 3])
copy.append(4)
precondition(copy.detachments == 1 && copy.values == [1, 2, 3, 4])
print("shared-before=true shared-after=false detachments=1 original=[1,2] copy=[1,2,3,4]")